Sustainable applicability and environmental impact of wastewater treatment by emerging nanobiotechnological approach: Future strategy for efficient removal of contaminants and water purification

Water pollution caused by a variety of organic and inorganic contaminants is becoming a major source of concern all over the world because of global warming. Furthermore, man-made activities like as product manufacturing have aggravated the situation even further. In recent years, nanotechnology has begun to examine a variety of practical methods for the precise treatment of a contaminated or polluted object in accurate manner. This has been made possible using various nanomaterials. When it comes to wastewater treatment, nanotechnology is emerging as a promising technology that has demonstrated remarkable feats in a variety of fields. In terms of surface to volume ratio, adsorption capacity, reactivity and sensitivity of nanomaterials excel in wastewater treatment because these low-cost materials are easy to functionalize. For the purposes of this review, we focused on nanotechnology-based wastewater treatment options, such as adsorption and biosorption, nanofiltration, photocatalytic disinfection, and sensing technologies, among other things. When all these criteria are taken into consideration, nanotechnology has proven to be an innovative, ecologically friendly, and effective. The major hurdle to the widespread use of nanotechnology is the scale. Most research has just been conducted on a laboratory or pilot scale up to date. In this paper, we have briefly discussed a few recently developed nanomaterials that are now being employed in water treatment, with a particular emphasis on nano-based adsorbents and filtering membranes.