Six decades of development: the impact of structural adjustment programs on education in developing countries

The purpose of this chapter is to describe and assess the effects of the implementation of structural adjustment programs (SAPs) on national education systems in developing countries. This form of international interference in national policies is consistent with efforts by some to shape a world culture and global economic system. Structural adjustment was employed in the late 20th century, initially by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank (WB). The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) joined them in the early 20th century. Using their reports and other sources we analyze how SAPs have influenced the implementation of national education policies and practices. Both positive and negative consequences are discussed. Although international agencies no longer promote “structural adjustment programs” they continue to intervene in the internal affairs of developing countries worldwide. We compare current policies and actors with those of the earlier period, examining variations in motivations and effects. Finally, we suggest alternative ways to achieve the objective of better education for all.