Recent advancements in polyaniline-based composites for biological applications: a review

Polyaniline, one of the most extensively studied conducting polymers, has attracted significant attention in recent years due to its unique redox properties, tunable conductivity, environmental stability, and facile synthesis. Its ability to be functionalized and combined with a wide range of nanomaterials has further expanded its utility in the biomedical field. PANI and its composites have demonstrated promising antimicrobial, antioxidant, antituberculosis, anticancer, and antimalarial activities. By adjusting various synthesis conditions and additions, its structural properties can be changed. Its electrical and reversible electrochemical characteristics make it potentially useful in several applications. Recent advances highlight that incorporating nanostructures, such as metal nanoparticles, carbon-based materials, and biopolymers, can significantly enhance the biocompatibility, sensitivity, and functionality of PANI-based frameworks. This review paper provides an overview of the latest advances in PANI-based hetero-ring derivatives and composites for biological applications.