Mathematical modelling of waste discharge and irreversible mechanism impact on chemically reactive electromagnetic Maxwell fluid suspensions driven by Darcy–Forchheimer structures with thermo-solutal transfer

In modern days, the nanofluids have found many uses in different fields due to enhanced thermal properties. They improve heat transfer efficiency in industrial systems, electronics cooling, and renewable energy devices. In environmental engineering, nanofluids assist in waste management by enhancing pollutant removal and reducing waste discharge concentrations; due to many applications of nanofluids and thermal radiation, the authors examined the effect of entropy and waste discharge effect on electromagnetic Maxwell fluid suspensions driven by Darcy–Forchheimer media with chemical reaction; PDEs are calculated to ODEs by using similarity terms; RKF-45th method with BVP4c solver is used to solve the converted equations; the Bejan number analysis on the fluid movement was additionally examined; and many physical parameters such as Maxwell parameter, porosity, thermal radiation, chemical reaction, and activation energy are studied via graphs. Outcomes of the current study reveal that rising the magnetic field porosity parameters reduces the velocity, increasing the radiation and heat generation and Eckert number increases the temperature, and the study of chemically reactive Maxwell fluid suspensions influenced by irreversible mechanisms is critical for advanced engineering applications. In Darcy–Forchheimer porous media, these fluids exhibit unique flow and heat transfer behaviours under electromagnetic effects. This is significantly useful in optimizing the chemical reactors and filtration technologies.