LAS LISTAS NEGRAS Y SU IMPACTO EN LAS OFICINAS SALITRERAS ALEMANAS DE EL TOCO DURANTE LA PRIMERA GUERRA MUNDIAL (DEPARTAMENTO DE TOCOPILLA, CHILE, 1915-1922)

The World War I had a strong economic, labor and social impact in the north of Chile, a territory where nitrate mining was developed, with German investment standing out in certain cantons - such as El Toco and Taltal. In particular, the regional effect of the so-called Blacklist disseminated by England in the context of the war is described and analyzed, a political inventory that sought to sabotage and block trade and the development of German companies around the world. Specifically, we focus on the experience lived in the canton of El Toco (Department of Tocopilla), where the German businessman Henry Sloman suffered the consequences of the blockades on access to supplies, fuel and food. It is proposed that the war reproduced a scenario of political and commercial hostility with a profound impact on Pampina society, where diplomatic agents, who became agents of war, exercised from a political subjectivity a factual power that intervened directly on production and disarmed a space sovereign of a neutral country contravening the liberality of the economic system.