La 'Cuestión regional' y la 'Cuestión indígena' en el desarrollo histórico de Arica, Chile (1929-1974)

The former Arica province, after signing the Treaty of Lima of June 1929 that joins it permanently to the Chilean national territory, was appended administratively to the Tarapacá province, which went on to have the political and identity preeminence, creating in people from Arica a social movement in search of state recognition of its condition of territory with its own abilities of administration and identity. Considering that, coincidentally, these provinces were devastated by a deep economic crisis derived from the worldwide depression and the economic contraction of the nitrate industry, the nation-state started defning public policies considering the border condition and geostrategic position of the Arica province. This public policy was expressed through regional planning from the decade of the 50's (Junta de Adelanto, Puerto Libre, Barrio Industrial), becoming more pronounced in the next two decades and until 1974, when the military regime abolished this public policy. In that period, an academic and political debate emerged about the indigenous problems, in which the Andean Plan would be the main proposal of a political project focused on the population that lived in the Andean triple-frontier, that remain unfinished as well. In this paper we maintain that an interesting debate of actors of the region (internal factor) and actors in the region (external factor) can be recorded about the 'regional question' and the 'indigenous question', of both public servants, academicians and the civil society, looking for an integrated development.