Efecto de cuatro dietas (artificial y natural) sobre el desarrollo postembrionario y longevidad del depredador Clitostethus arcuatus (Rossi) (Coleóptera: Coccinellidae) en condiciones de laboratorio

The whitefly Aleurothrixus floccosus is one of the main foliar pests in citrus orchards at the Pica Oasis, Tarapacá Region. In this regard, the predator Clitostethus arcuatus naturally colonizes infested orchards; however, additional releases are required, making it necessary to rear them with artificial diets. The present study evaluated the effect of three artificial diets, two meridic and one oligidic, and natural diet (A. floccosus) on the postembryonic development and longevity of C. arcuatus under laboratory conditions. The results obtained indicate that embryonic development ranged between 3-4 days (3.25 ± 0.44) with a survival at 100%. Furthermore, there were no significant differences. On the other hand, the four larval stages fed with A. floccosus took a total of 15.13 days [first larval stage (L1), 2.79 ± 0.41 days; second larval stage (L2) 3.63 ± 0.10 days; third larval stage (L3) 4.46 ± 0.51 days; and fourth larval stage (L4) 4.25 ± 0.53 days]; while the pupal stage lasted 4.75 ± 0.53 days. Thus, the development from egg to adult was 23.13 days. In contrast, L1 larvae fed with: meridic diet, meridic diet + tyrosine and oligidic diet recorded a mortality of 100%, without obtaining developed adult individuals. On the other hand, C. arcuatus fed with prey recorded a longevity of 53.13 days. Therefore, the natural diet was the most suitable for the development of the predator. However, the data obtained from artificial diets could be attributed to texture and/or consistency, since it is known that C. arcuatus larvae prefer feeding on eggs and nymphs of A. floccosus, requiring further studies of composition and texture diets; subsequently, to develop augmentative biological control programs, within the context of sustainable production and food security.