CHILEAN AND PERUVIAN TEXTBOOKS AND THEIR NARRATIVES ON CITIZENSHIP PARTICIPATION DURING THE NATIONAL INDEPENDENCES. IMPLICATIONS FOR CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION

This research aims to analyze the narratives in Chilean and Peruvian school textbooks (between 2002-2018) on the citizenship participation developed during their National Independence. Although textbooks present elements reinforcing aspects of the official narratives on the construction of the nation-state in both Chile and Peru, centered on the elites' participation, they also offer counterpoints referring to the exclusion of the subordinate groups. This provides perspectives for analyzing the conceptions on citizenship participation contained in the guidelines on citizenship education in both countries, which tend, in general, to place more emphasis on the political institutions than on the social, political, and cultural diversity of their citizenry.