Carbon-based adsorbents for remediation of noxious pollutants from water and wastewater

Due to water pollution and the water crisis, the abolition of pollutants from water is the need of the hour. Adsorption is an important water purification method owing to its high efficiency, easy procedure, and cheapness. Carbon-based adsorbents were extensively studied to remove varieties of aquatic pollutants. This chapter presents an overview of carbon-based adsorbents such as activated carbon, porous carbon, carbon nanotubes, coal, carbon spheres, graphite, and derivatives, and biochar in removing organic/inorganic pollutants from wastewater was outlined. Initially, the fundamentals of the adsorption process and carbon materials were emphasized. Then adsorption performances of carbon-based adsorbents along with their mechanistic aspects were discussed extensively. The advantages of structural engineering on the pollutant removal efficiency of carbon-based adsorbents were highlighted. The effect of parameters such as adsorbent dosage, pH of the solution, time, and initial concentration of pollutants, etc., on the pollutant removal process was also mentioned.