Bone density. Comparative study on Cuban athletes in two stages of preparation

BACKGROUND: The procedures of combat often have damage to the bone structure; when the intensity of the trauma exceeds the capacity of physiological resistance of the bones, to a large extent determined by the bone density, these are damaged and fractures may occur. Therefore, it is necessary to take into account the average values of bone density in sportsmen, especially combat sportsmen. The aim of this study was to determine the changes that occur in the Bone Quality Index (BQI) during a macrocycle of training in taekwondoistas. METHODS: A longitudinal and prospective study was conducted during a macrocycle of training (6 months) among a sample of 18 Taekwondo male athletes, with a mean age of 22 years and more than 10 years of experience in sports. The ultrasonographic exploration of the calcaneus was performed to assess the state of the bone density at the end of the general physical preparation and at the end of the special physical preparation. Results were validated through descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation). RESULTS: The quantitative measurement of BQI found in two athletes (11.1 %) lowers the values to 102, which is the igure estimated as normal. In the irst study the average value was 126.3. During the second study the score was above 140.1. CONCLUSIONS: After high-intensity work at the end of the special physical preparation, the BQI in all athletes increased. Besides, the quality averages bone was greater in trained athletes, which is a good indicator for non-athlete population.