An effect of Joule heating and viscosity ratio on magnetic ferrohybrid nanofluid flow with entropy generation analysis

The current work aims to study the radiation and viscosity ratio influence on ferrohybrid nanofluid flow over an expanding surface with entropy generation analysis. There is a lack of study on ferrofluids in circumstance of the influence of Lorentz force and joule heating, heat dissipation, velocity slip with heat transfer and entropy analysis, and authors utilised the research gap. Governing equations are formulated to ordinary differential equations via similarity conversions, radiation, and heat generation terms included in the temperature equation and solved using Laguerrel polynomial and also calculated the entropy generation; several physical effects such as Brinkman number, magnetic field, inverse Darcy number, Radiation, Heat source/sink, Eckert number parameters are calculated and explained through graphs, and results of the current work illustrate that enhancing the mass transpiration slowdowns the velocity and increases the temperature, increasing the Eckert increases the temperature as well as entropy generation, increasing the magnetic field increases the temperature and reduces the velocity, and increasing the inverse Darcy number slowdowns the velocity profile and enhances the entropy generation to drag force. The present work using ferrohybrid nanofluid has many applications in aeronautical engineering as fluid rocket fuel, Biomedical fields such as medical resonance imaging and nanomedicine, among others. Highlights Studied the magnetic field and viscosity ratio impact on the velocity of the flow. Fe₃O₄ and CuO nanoparticles are utilised to form ferrohybrid nanofluid. Laguerrel polynomial method utilised to solve the energy equation. Studied the entropy generation analysis with Joule heating. Engineering coefficients are calculated and explained through graphs.