AHP-TOPSIS-based analysis for the wettability of agro-industrial waste particulates Bhimal fiber-reinforced epoxy bio-composites in different oil water environments

The work studied the use of agro-industrial untreated waste for bio-composites as a sustainable material and determined its wettability in diverse environments. To prepare the bio-composites, Bhimal natural fiber was compositely reinforced with CaCO₃ composite platelets and Flyash along with TiO₂ at different concentrations (5%, 10%, and15% by weight) into an epoxy matrix. The samples were tested in petrol, diesel; kerosene, seawater Ganga water; rainwater, and distilled water at 168 hours and the saturation was stabilized after measuring every 48 h. The absorption resistance, especially in oil-based environments was excellent in TiO₂ 15%-based bio-composites. Materials were ranked by the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and TOPSIS methods. The results show the potential of TiO₂ composites for low wettability applications without any chemicals as well, which may encourage green materials from agro-industrial waste.