Achiral and chiral metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as an efficient catalyst for organic synthesis

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have recently attracted considerable interest due to their distinctive structural characteristics and wide-ranging applications, mainly as achiral and chiral catalysts in diverse chemical reactions. This review offers an in-depth analysis of MOF-based catalysis, focusing on catalyst synthesis, characterization, and organic transformation applications. We discuss the recent advancements in MOF-catalyzed organic reactions, including photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, and heterogeneous catalysis, focusing on active sites' role and catalytic performance enhancement through structural modifications. This review also examines the integration of functional molecular catalysts, pore architecture's strategic design, and MOF derivatives' application as cutting-edge catalytic materials. It addresses the challenges and future directions in MOF-based catalyst development, emphasizing the potential for continued innovation in this rapidly evolving field.