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The origin and evolution of maize in the Southwestern United States

  • Rute R. Da Fonseca
  • , Bruce D. Smith
  • , Nathan Wales
  • , Enrico Cappellini
  • , Pontus Skoglund
  • , Matteo Fumagalli
  • , José Alfredo Samaniego
  • , Christian Carøe
  • , María C. Ávila-Arcos
  • , David E. Hufnagel
  • , Thorfinn Sand Korneliussen
  • , Filipe Garrett Vieira
  • , Mattias Jakobsson
  • , Bernardo Arriaza
  • , Eske Willerslev
  • , Rasmus Nielsen
  • , Matthew B. Hufford
  • , Anders Albrechtsen
  • , Jeffrey Ross-Ibarra
  • , M. Thomas P. Gilbert
  • University of Copenhagen
  • Smithsonian Institution
  • Harvard University
  • University of California at Berkeley
  • Stanford University
  • Iowa State University
  • Uppsala University
  • University of California at Davis
  • Curtin University

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

157 Scopus citations

Abstract

The origin of maize (Zea mays mays) in the US Southwest remains contentious, with conflicting archaeological data supporting either coastal 1-4 or highland 5,6 routes of diffusion of maize into the United States. Furthermore, the genetics of adaptation to the new environmental and cultural context of the Southwest is largely uncharacterized 7. To address these issues, we compared nuclear DNA from 32 archaeological maize samples spanning 6,000 years of evolution to modern landraces. We found that the initial diffusion of maize into the Southwest about 4,000 years ago is likely to have occurred along a highland route, followed by gene flow from a lowland coastal maize beginning at least 2,000 years ago. Our population genetic analysis also enabled us to differentiate selection during domestication for adaptation to the climatic and cultural environment of the Southwest, identifying adaptation loci relevant to drought tolerance and sugar content.

Original languageEnglish
Article number14003
JournalNature Plants
Volume1
DOIs
StatePublished - 8 Jan 2015

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