Test of local realism via entangled ΛΛ ̄ system

The BESIII collaboration

doi:10.1038/s41467-025-59498-4

Test of local realism via entangled ΛΛ ̄ system

The BESIII collaboration

Institute of Higher Research

University of Science and Technology of China
CAS - Institute of High Energy Physics
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
Fudan University
Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China
Nanjing University
University of Science and Technology Liaoning
Jilin University
Nankai University
Liaoning Normal University
Central China Normal University
Wuhan University
Shandong University
Sun Yat-Sen University
Nanjing Normal University
University of South China
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute (PNPI)
CAS - Institute of Modern Physics
Zhengzhou University
University of Oxford
Soochow University
North China Electric Power University
Hunan University
Goethe University Frankfurt
Tsinghua University
Lanzhou University
Peking University
Henan University
Shanxi Normal University
Henan Normal University
University of the Punjab
Beihang University
Novosibirsk State University
China Center of Advanced Science and Technology World Laboratory
Shanghai Jiao Tong University
IBA
Yantai University
University of Jinan
Inner Mongolia University
Hangzhou Normal University
Ruhr University Bochum
Uppsala University
University of Münster
Guangxi Normal University
Hebei University
Qufu Normal University
Near East University
Sichuan University
China University of Geosciences, Wuhan
Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
University of Turin
National Institute for Nuclear Physics
Hunan Normal University
University of Ferrara
National Centre for Nuclear Research
Helmholtz Institute Mainz
University of Groningen
Universidad de Tarapacá
GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research
South China Normal University
Southeast University, Nanjing
University of Perugia
COMSATS University Islamabad
Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Siberian Branch of the RAS
Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology
Indiana University Bloomington
Liaoning University
Zhejiang University
Central South University
Huangshan College
Henan University of Technology
Henan University of Science and Technology
Shanxi University
Suranaree University of Technology
Indian Institute of Technology Madras
Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology
University of Manchester
Justus Liebig University Giessen
Istinye University
Chung-Ang University
Mongolian Academy of Sciences
University of Hawai'i at Mānoa
Shandong Normal University
University of Eastern Piedmont
Yunnan University
Xinyang Normal University
Carnegie Mellon University

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

4 Scopus citations

Abstract

The non-locality of quantum correlations is a fundamental feature of quantum theory. The Bell inequality serves as a benchmark for distinguishing between predictions made by quantum theory and local hidden variable theory (LHVT). Recent advancements in photon-entanglement experiments have addressed potential loopholes and have observed significant violations of variants of Bell inequality. However, examples of Bell inequalities violation in high energy physics are scarce. In this study, we utilize (10.087 ± 0.044) × 10⁹ J/ψ events collected with the BES-III detector at the BEPCII collider, performing non-local correlation tests using the entangled hyperon pairs. The massive-entangled ΛΛ¯ systems are formed and decay through strong and weak interactions, respectively. Through measurements of the angular distribution of pp¯ in J/ψ → γη_c and subsequent ηc→Λ(pπ−)Λ¯(p¯π+) cascade decays, a significant violation of LHVT predictions is observed. The exclusion of LHVT is found to be statistically significant at a level exceeding 5.2σ in the testing of three Bell-like inequalities.

Original language	English
Article number	4948
Journal	Nature Communications
Volume	16
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59498-4
State	Published - Dec 2025

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title = "Test of local realism via entangled ΛΛ{\= } system",

abstract = "The non-locality of quantum correlations is a fundamental feature of quantum theory. The Bell inequality serves as a benchmark for distinguishing between predictions made by quantum theory and local hidden variable theory (LHVT). Recent advancements in photon-entanglement experiments have addressed potential loopholes and have observed significant violations of variants of Bell inequality. However, examples of Bell inequalities violation in high energy physics are scarce. In this study, we utilize (10.087 ± 0.044) {\texttimes} 109 J/ψ events collected with the BES-III detector at the BEPCII collider, performing non-local correlation tests using the entangled hyperon pairs. The massive-entangled ΛΛ¯ systems are formed and decay through strong and weak interactions, respectively. Through measurements of the angular distribution of pp¯ in J/ψ → γηc and subsequent ηc→Λ(pπ−)Λ¯(p¯π+) cascade decays, a significant violation of LHVT predictions is observed. The exclusion of LHVT is found to be statistically significant at a level exceeding 5.2σ in the testing of three Bell-like inequalities.",

author = "J. Zu and Zou, \{J. H.\} and Zhu, \{Z. A.\} and Zhu, \{Y. C.\} and S. Kabana and \{The BESIII collaboration\}",

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doi = "10.1038/s41467-025-59498-4",

language = "English",

volume = "16",

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T1 - Test of local realism via entangled ΛΛ ̄ system

AU - Zu, J.

AU - Zou, J. H.

AU - Zhu, Z. A.

AU - Zhu, Y. C.

AU - Kabana, S.

AU - The BESIII collaboration

PY - 2025/12

Y1 - 2025/12

N2 - The non-locality of quantum correlations is a fundamental feature of quantum theory. The Bell inequality serves as a benchmark for distinguishing between predictions made by quantum theory and local hidden variable theory (LHVT). Recent advancements in photon-entanglement experiments have addressed potential loopholes and have observed significant violations of variants of Bell inequality. However, examples of Bell inequalities violation in high energy physics are scarce. In this study, we utilize (10.087 ± 0.044) × 109 J/ψ events collected with the BES-III detector at the BEPCII collider, performing non-local correlation tests using the entangled hyperon pairs. The massive-entangled ΛΛ¯ systems are formed and decay through strong and weak interactions, respectively. Through measurements of the angular distribution of pp¯ in J/ψ → γηc and subsequent ηc→Λ(pπ−)Λ¯(p¯π+) cascade decays, a significant violation of LHVT predictions is observed. The exclusion of LHVT is found to be statistically significant at a level exceeding 5.2σ in the testing of three Bell-like inequalities.

AB - The non-locality of quantum correlations is a fundamental feature of quantum theory. The Bell inequality serves as a benchmark for distinguishing between predictions made by quantum theory and local hidden variable theory (LHVT). Recent advancements in photon-entanglement experiments have addressed potential loopholes and have observed significant violations of variants of Bell inequality. However, examples of Bell inequalities violation in high energy physics are scarce. In this study, we utilize (10.087 ± 0.044) × 109 J/ψ events collected with the BES-III detector at the BEPCII collider, performing non-local correlation tests using the entangled hyperon pairs. The massive-entangled ΛΛ¯ systems are formed and decay through strong and weak interactions, respectively. Through measurements of the angular distribution of pp¯ in J/ψ → γηc and subsequent ηc→Λ(pπ−)Λ¯(p¯π+) cascade decays, a significant violation of LHVT predictions is observed. The exclusion of LHVT is found to be statistically significant at a level exceeding 5.2σ in the testing of three Bell-like inequalities.

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105009269882

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DO - 10.1038/s41467-025-59498-4

M3 - Article

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AN - SCOPUS:105009269882

SN - 2041-1723

VL - 16

JO - Nature Communications

JF - Nature Communications

IS - 1

M1 - 4948

ER -

Test of local realism via entangled ΛΛ ̄ system

Abstract

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