Mobile Learning and Its Effect on Learning Outcomes and Critical Thinking: A Systematic Review

This paper explores the relationships between m-learning, learning outcomes, and developing critical thinking in university students. A systematic review of empirical articles in English published in journals indexed in the Web of Science from 2015–May 2024 was carried out. A sample of 50 articles was obtained. The results show that, in most of the analyzed articles, integrating m-learning tools can potentially to improve students’ learning outcomes and critical thinking skills. Considering the above, we recommended that educators and university managers integrate and promote the adoption of new technologies in teaching methods. Several recommendations are provided for the effective integration of m-learning into learning activities, stressing the importance of teachers becoming familiar with technology-enhanced learning environments early in their training.