Enzyme Immobilized Nanomaterials: An Electrochemical Bio-Sensing and Biocatalytic Degradation Properties Toward Organic Pollutants

In recent years, research studies on enzyme immobilized materials toward water pollution monitoring and remediation have increased considerably. This review focuses on the application of enzymes (e.g., laccase, acetylcholinesterase, tyrosinase, etc.,) immobilized nanomaterials in electrochemical sensing and biocatalytic degradation of some water pollutants. The need and advantages of nanomaterials as support for enzymes were deduced. Different methods developed for enzyme immobilization on nanomaterials were outlined. The sensing performances of enzyme immobilized nanomaterials modified electrodes toward organic pollutants including phenolic compounds, and pesticides were described. The biocatalytic properties of enzyme immobilized nanomaterials toward the degradation of organic pollutants including phenols, dyes, antibiotics, personal care products, and pesticides were discussed. Influencing methods like addition of synthetic mediators and light have also been pointed-out. The significance of nanomaterials in enzymatic sensing and catalytic degradation properties were highlighted. Current challenges and further research identified through this review have also been provided. The conclusions drawn from this literature review were presented.