Current advances and future trend of nanotechnology as microalgae-based biosensor

Biosensors are devices that convert biological responses into electrical signals. Biosensors can be utilised in a variety of applications, including environmental and water quality monitoring, as well as medical applications. Thus, researchers have been working on them and experimenting with new nanofabrication techniques. Nanomaterials like graphene, carbon nanotubes, and nanospheres have provided new and appealing platforms for developing biosensors with improved sensitivity and performance due to their unique features. Microalgae have been used widely in biosensing applications as bioreceptor because they are less likely to be affected by physiochemical changes, in addition to their uses in medical, environmental, industrial, and commercial applications. In this review, we highlight the recent immobilization techniques, support materials like nanomaterials for microalgae immobilization, microfluidics and lab on a chip, the latest genome editing methods, and microalgae applications in medical, environmental, food, and agricultural sectors.